IEM :: NWS COOP Observations by Date by Site

This page presents the raw observations of daily high and low temperature along with precipitation and snow when available. The dates shown are the date when the observation was reported. For observations made at 7 AM, this would be a for a 24 hour period up until that time and not for that local date. The timestamps shown are valid for the local timezone of that reporting station.

Hint: You should be able to highlight the values in the table and then copy + paste these values into a spreadsheet program like Excel. A download interface does exist for these observations.

COOP obs listed by station

(Click on a date to get all obs for a particular date.)

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NWSLI:	Site Name:	Date:	Temp at Ob	Max Air Temp	Min Air Temp	Precip	Snowfall	Snow Depth	Snow Water Equiv
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	1 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240101 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2401020735
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	2 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240102 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2401020734
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	3 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240103 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2401080831
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	4 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240104 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2401080831
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	5 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240105 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2401080831
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	6 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	T	T	M
.A HSII4 240106 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF T/SD T/XW 03/DC2401060911
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	7 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	T	T	M
.A HSII4 240107 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF T/SD T/XW 03/DC2401080830
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	8 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240108 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2401080842
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	9 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.16	3.8	4	M
.A HSII4 240109 C DH0800/PP 0.16/PT 5/SF 3.8/SD 4/XW 03/DC2401090953 Reported snowfall total is the average between almost bare ground and relatively deep drifts of blown snow in observation area.
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	10 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	T	4	M
.A HSII4 240110 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF T/SD 4/DC2401110817
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	11 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	0.5	4	M
.A HSII4 240111 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF 0.5/SD 4/XW 03/DC2401110833
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	12 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.11	4.4	8	M
.A HSII4 240112 C DH0800/PP 0.11/PT 5/SF 4.4/SD 8/XW 71/DC2401120805 Lots of snow drifting in observation area, snowfall amount is the average from deep drifts to near bare ground.
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	13 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.04	1.8	10	M
.A HSII4 240113 C DH0800/PP 0.04/PT 5/SF 1.8/SD 10/XW 03/DC2401131531 Snow depth in observation area ranged between near bare ground and a 15 drift.
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	14 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240114 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401191001
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	15 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240115 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401191001
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	16 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240116 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401191001
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	17 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240117 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401191001
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	18 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240118 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401191001
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	19 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.01	1	10	M
.A HSII4 240119 C DH0800/PP 0.01/PT 1/SF 1.0/SD 10/XW 01/DC2401191000
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	20 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240120 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401230747
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	21 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	9	M
.A HSII4 240121 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 9/DC2401230747
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	22 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	8	M
.A HSII4 240122 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 8/DC2401230747
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	23 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	T	6	M
.A HSII4 240123 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF T/SD 6/XW 03/DC2401230746
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	24 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	5	M
.A HSII4 240124 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 5/XW 10/DC2401241147
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	25 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	4	M
.A HSII4 240125 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 4/XW 10/DC2401260808
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	26 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.03	0	3	M
.A HSII4 240126 C DH0800/PP 0.03/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 3/XW 03/DC2401260808
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	27 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	2	M
.A HSII4 240127 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 2/DC2401280832
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	28 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	2	M
.A HSII4 240128 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 2/XW 01/DC2401280932
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	29 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	1	M
.A HSII4 240129 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 1/XW 01/DC2401291524
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	30 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	T	M
.A HSII4 240130 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD T/DC2401311511
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	31 Jan 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	T	M
.A HSII4 240131 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD T/XW 01/DC2401311511
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	1 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240201 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2402011516
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	2 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240202 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2402020852
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	3 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240203 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 10/DC2402030834
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	4 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240204 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402060757
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	5 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240205 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402060757
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	6 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240206 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 05/DC2402060757 Haze smells like smoke.
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	7 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240207 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402120601
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	8 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240208 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402120601
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	9 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240209 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402120601
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	10 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240210 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402120559
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	11 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240211 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402120600
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	12 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240212 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402151808
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	13 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240213 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402151808
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	14 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240214 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402151808
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	15 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240215 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402151807
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	16 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	0.2	T	M
.A HSII4 240216 C DH0800/PP T/PT 5/SF 0.2/SD T/XW 03/DC2402160911
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	17 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240217 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402180819
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	18 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240218 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2402180818
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	19 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240219 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402210802
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	20 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240220 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2402210802
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	21 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240221 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 02/DC2402210801
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	22 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240222 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	23 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240223 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	24 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240224 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	25 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240225 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	26 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240226 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	27 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240227 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	28 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240228 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	29 Feb 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240229 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050951
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	1 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240301 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050952
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	2 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240302 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050952
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	3 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240303 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050952
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	4 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240304 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403050952
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	5 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240305 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2403050949
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	6 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240306 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403151532
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	7 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240307 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403151532
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	8 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.04	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240308 C DH0800/PP 0.04/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 80/DC2403151530
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	9 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.28	0.5	T	M
.A HSII4 240309 C DH0800/PP 0.28/PT 1/SF 0.5/SD T/DC2403151531 Precip type = mostly rain turning to snow.
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	10 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240310 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2403100938
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	11 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240311 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403151532
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	12 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240312 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403151532
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	13 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240313 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403151532
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	14 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.07	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240314 C DH0800/PP 0.07/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2403141112
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	15 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.27	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240315 C DH0800/PP 0.27/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2403151252
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	16 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240316 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403200820
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	17 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240317 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403200820
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	18 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240318 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403200820
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	19 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240319 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403200820
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	20 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240320 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2403200820
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	21 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240321 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 02/DC2403210818
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	22 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.06	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240322 C DH0800/PP 0.06/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2403220738
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	23 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240323 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2403240821
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	24 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.31	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240324 C DH0800/PP 0.31/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 61/DC2403240821
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	25 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.71	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240325 C DH0800/PP 0.71/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2403250837
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	26 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.2	T	T	M
.A HSII4 240326 C DH0800/PP 0.20/PT 1/SF T/SD T/XW 85/DC2403260757 Precip type = mostly rain turning to ice pellets
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	27 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240327 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404020906
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	28 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240328 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404020906
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	29 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240329 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404020906
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	30 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240330 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404020906
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	31 Mar 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240331 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404020906
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	1 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	T	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240401 C DH0800/PP T/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2404020904
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	2 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.03	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240402 C DH0800/PP 0.03/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2404020904
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	3 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.04	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240403 C DH0800/PP 0.04/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2404030809
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	4 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240404 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404081302
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	5 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240405 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404081302
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	6 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240406 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404081302
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	7 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.04	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240407 C DH0800/PP 0.04/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404081302
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	8 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240408 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2404081300
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	9 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240409 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404120837
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	10 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240410 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404120838
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	11 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240411 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404120838
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	12 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240412 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404120837
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	13 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240413 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404150832
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	14 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240414 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/DC2404150832
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	15 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240415 C DH0800/PP 0.00/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2404150831
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	16 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.14	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240416 C DH0800/PP 0.14/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 81/DC2404160911
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	17 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.7	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240417 C DH0800/PP 0.70/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2404171418
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	18 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.1	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240418 C DH0800/PP 0.10/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 03/DC2404190855
HSII4	HASTINGS 4 NE	19 Apr 2024 8AM	M	M	M	0.03	0	0	M
.A HSII4 240419 C DH0800/PP 0.03/PT 1/SF 0.0/SD 0/XW 01/DC2404190854

Errors exist in this dataset and you should evaluate the observations before using...